Traditional cultural norms have affected human resource management philosophies in America and Japan, prompting organizational structures unique to each society. In particular, these two countries differ in their adherence to duality, wherein the CEO and Chairman of the Board are the same person in the firm. Recent reports on decreasing global rates of duality have been a result of fewer American multinational corporations utilizing this management approach. While duality has been common in the US in the past, it has always been rare in Japan, and this study concludes that high-performing American companies are still much more likely to adhere to this management philosophy than similar multinational corporations in Japan.
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